What is the function of a CNC controller?

The function of a CNC controller is to interpret G-code and control machine components. G-code is a programming language used to instruct CNC machines on how to move, what speed to use, and how to manipulate the tool with precision. The CNC controller serves as the brain of the machine; it receives the G-code commands and translates them into specific actions, such as moving the spindle, adjusting feed rates, and controlling tool changes.

With the CNC controller, the operator can program complex machining tasks that require high levels of accuracy and repeatability, which are crucial in precision manufacturing. By managing the movements and operations of the machine components, the controller ensures that the desired part is accurately produced as per the specifications given in the code. Other choices do not accurately identify the primary role of a CNC controller. For instance, monitoring production quality and controlling temperature are not core functions of the CNC controller; rather, they may involve separate systems or software. Additionally, powering the machine’s main motor is generally a function of the machine's power supply and drive systems, not the controller itself.